Shekalim 3 שקלים

Shekalim 3 תלמוד ירושלמי שקלים א׳:א׳:ל״ה-ב׳:י״ב

1. 1

   MISHNAH: Rebbi Jehudah says, originally they were uprooting and throwing down. When the number of transgressors rose, they were uprooting and throwing on the roadways; they instituted that they were declaring the entire field as ownerless.

   משנה: אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין לִפְנֵיהֶן. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵירָה הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין לַדְּרָכִים. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מַבְקִירִין אֶת כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה.

2. 2

   HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Jehudah said.” It was stated: Rebbi Jehudah said, originally they were uprooting and throwing down before them; they were twice happy, first that they weeded their fields and second that they could use (the robbery) [the kilaim ]. When the number of transgressors rose, they were throwing it on the roadways, and still they were happy that they weeded their fields. They instituted that they were declaring the entire field as ownerless.

   הלכה: רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר. תַּנֵּי אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדְה. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ עוֹקְרִין וּמַשְׁלִיכִין לִפְנֵיהֶן וְהָיוּ שְׂמֵיחִין שְׁתֵּי שְׂמָחוֹת. אַחַת שֶׁהָיוּ מְנַכְשִׁין שָׂדוֹתֵיהֶן וְאַחַת שֶׁהָיוּ נֶהֱנִין מִן (הַגֶּזֶל) [הַכִּלְאַיִם]. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵירָה הָיוּ מַשְׁלִיכִין עַל הַדְּרָכִים. אַף עַל פִּי כֵן הָיוּ שְׂמִחִים שֶׁהָיוּ מְנַכְשִׁין שָׂדוֹתֵיהֶן. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מַבְקִירִין אֶת כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה.

3. 3

   From where that a declaration of forfeiture by a court makes it ownerless? It is written: Anybody who will not come within three days conforming to the decree of the rulers and the elders, all his property shall be devoted to destruction and he shall be separated from the community of the Diaspora. From where that it is free from tithes? Rebbi Jonathan, the son of Rebbi Isaac bar Aḥa understood it from the following: “One intercalates years neither in the Sabbatical year, nor in the year following the Sabbatical; but if they did intercalate it is intercalated.” The one month he adds, is it not free from tithes? That refers to the Sabbatical year. What about the year after the Sabbatical? Rebbi Abun said, not to prolong the prohibition of new grain. Rebbi Ze`ira in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: That is only before Rebbi permitted the importation of vegetables from outside the Land. But after Rebbi permitted the importation of vegetables from outside the Land, the Sabbatical year is as any other year.

   מִנַיִיִן שֶׁהֶבְקֵר בֵּית דִּין הֶבְקֵר. כָּתוּב וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָבֹא לִשְׁלשֶׁת הַיָּמִים כַּעֲצַת הַשָּׂרִים וְהַזְּקֵנִים יָחֳרַם כָּל רְכוּשׁוֹ וְהוּא יִבָּדֵל מִקְּהַל הַגּוֹלָה. מְנַיִין שֶׁהִיא פְטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִצְחָק בַר אָחָה שָׁמַע לָהּ מִן הָדָא. אֵין מְעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה לֹא בַשְּׁבִיעִית וְלֹא בְמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית. וְאִם עִיבְּרוּהָ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְעוּבֶּרֶת. וְחוֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא מוֹסִיף לֹא פָטוּר מִמַּעְשְׂרוֹת הוּא. עַד כְדוֹן שְׁבִיעִית. מוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית [מַאי]. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. שֶׁלֹּא לְרַבּוֹת בְּאִיסּוּר חָדָשׁ. רִבִּי זְעוּרָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר. עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִתִּיר רִבִּי לְהָבִיא יָרָק מֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לָאֲרֶץ. אֲבָל מִשֶּׁהִתִּיר רִבִּי לְהָבִיא יָרָק מִחוּץ לָאָרֶץ לָאֲרֶץ הִיא שְׁבִיעִית הִיא שֶׁל שְׁאָר שְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעַ.

4. 4

   It was stated: One does not intercalate in the Sabbatical Year [nor in the year following the Sabbatical;] but only in other years of a Sabbatical period, but if they did intercalate it is intercalated. Rebbi Mana said, that refers to earlier times when years were in order, but now that years are not in order, the Sabbatical year is like any other year. It was stated: The house of Rabban Gamliel intercalated immediately after the end of the Sabbatical year. Rebbi Avin said, from this you do not infer anything. watch the spring month. Watch it that it should come in its renewal.

   תַּנֵּי. אֵין מְעַבְּרִין אֶת הַשָּׁנָה בַשְּׁבִיעִית [וְלֹא בְמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית] אֶלָּא בִשְׁאָר שְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעַ. [וְ]אִם עִיבְּרוּהָ הֲרֵי זֶה מְעוּבֶּרֶת. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה כְּשֶׁהָיוּ הָשָּׁנִים כְּתִיקֻנָן. אֲבָל עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁאֵין הָשָּׁנִים כְּתִיקֻנָן הִיא שְׁבִיעִית הִיא שְׁאָר שְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעַ. תַּנֵּי. שֶׁלְבֵּית רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל עִיבְּרוּהָ בְמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית מִיָּד. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. אִין מִן הָדָא לֵית שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ כְלוּם. שָׁמוֹר אֶת חוֹדֶשׁ הָאָבִיב. שָׁמְרֵיהוּ שֶׁיָּבוֹא בְחִידּוּשׁוֹ.

5. 5

   What text implies this? “For a grain stack under which gleanings were not collected, all ears that touch the ground are for the poor.” Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: This is from the House of Shammai. Rebbi Yose said to him: We understand that according to everybody, this is a fine. Following the House of Hillel, the poor give tithes and eat.

   וְהֵיי דָא אָמְרָה דָא. גָּדִישׁ שֶׁלֹּא לוּקַּט תַּחְתָּיו כָּל הַנּוֹגְעוֹת בָּאָרֶץ הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁלְעֲנִיִּים. וְאָמַר רִבִּי אִמִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שׁמְעוֹן בֵּן לָקִישׁ. דְּבֵית שַׂמַּי הִיא. וְאָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. שָׁמַעְנוּ שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר מִמַּעְשְׂרוֹת דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל מִשּׁוּם קְנָס. וּכְבֵית הִלֵּל עֲנִיִים מְעַשְּׂרִין וְאוֹכְלִין.

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 (CC-BY) · Hebrew/Aramaic: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 (CC-BY) · Open on Sefaria