Thursday, 8 April 2021 26 Nisan 5781 כ״ו נִיסָן תשפ״א learned on this date
Shekalim 18 שקלים
Seder Moed סדר מועד
Cycle 14 ends Monday, 7 June 2027. 17% of the way through the Talmud.
Bold is the Talmud's own words. The regular text between is explanation woven in by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz (1937 to 2020), whose English translation this is. A mishna is the short ruling a passage starts from; the Gemara is the discussion of it; a baraita is an early teaching quoted from outside the Mishna.
Shekalim 18 תלמוד ירושלמי שקלים ו׳:ג׳:י״ד-ד׳:י׳
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MISHNAH: Thirteen horns were in the Temple, and it was written on them: New sheqalim, and old sheqalim, nests, young birds for elevation sacrifices, wood, and incense, gold for the cover, and six for voluntary gifts. New sheqalim for the current year, and old ones, one who did not bring the past year, gives it for the next one.
“Nests” are turtle doves and “young birds as elevation offerings” are pigeons, all for elevation offerings, the words of Rebbi Jehudah. But the Sages say, of “nests” one is a purification offering and one an elevation offering; “young birds as elevation offerings” are all elevation offerings. If one says, “I am obligated for wood logs”, he may not give less than for two logs; “incense”, he may not give less than for a fistful; “gold”, he may not give less than for a gold denar. “Six for voluntary gifts.” What did they do with this? One buys with it elevation offerings; the flesh is for the Eternal and the skins are for the Cohanim. This explanation did Jehoyada the High Priest explain: It is a reparation offering, repairing, a reparation offering for the Eternal; this is the principle: Elevation offerings should be bought from anything coming because of sin or reparation; the flesh is for the Eternal and the skins are for the Cohanim. It turns out that both parts of the verse are fulfilled, a reparation offering for the Eternal and reparation for the Cohanim. And it says, money for reparation offerings and money for purification offerings are not to be brought to the Eternal’s House, it shall be for the Cohanim.משנה: שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר שׁוֹפָרוֹת הָיוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ וְכָתוּב עֲלֵיהֶן תִּקְלִין חַדְתִּין וְתִקְלִין עַתִּיקִין קִינִּין וְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה עֵצִים לְבוֹנָה זָהָב לַכַּפֹּרֶת. שִׁשָּׁה לִנְדָבָה. תִּקְלִין חַדְתִּין שֶׁבְּכָל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה. וְעַתִּיקִין מִי שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא אֶשְׁתָּקַד שׁוֹקֵל לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה. קִינִּין הֵן תּוֹרִין. וְגוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה הֵן בְּנֵי יוֹנָה. כּוּלָּן עוֹלוֹת דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים קִינִּין אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶחָד עוֹלָה. גּוֹזְלֵי עוֹלָה כּוּלָּן עוֹלוֹת: הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי עֵצִים לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי גִּיזְירִין. לְבוֹנָה לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִקּוֹמֶץ. זָהָב לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִדִּינַר זָהָב. שִׁשָּׁה לִנְדָבָה. נְדָבָה מֶה הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין בָּהּ לוֹקְחִין בָּהּ עוֹלוֹת הַבָּשָׂר לַשֵּׁם וְהָעוֹרוֹת לַכֹּהֲנִים. זֶה מִדְרָשׁ דָּרַשׁ יְהוֹיָדָע כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אָשָׁם הוּא אָֹשׂם אָשַׁם לַיְיָ. זֶה הַכְּלָל כֹּל שֶׁהוּא בָּא מִשֵּׁם חֵטְא וּמִשֵּׁם אַשְׁמָה יִלָּקַח בּוֹ עוֹלוֹת הַבָּשָׂר לַשֵּׁם וְהָעוֹרוֹת לַכֹּהֲנִים. נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי כְּתוּבִין קַיָימִין אָשָׁם לַיי וְאָשָׁם לַכֹּהֵן. וְאוֹמֵר כֶּסֶף אָשָׁם וְכֶסֶף חַטָּאוֹת לֹא יוּבָא בֵּית יי לַכֹּהֲנִים יִהְיוּ:
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HALAKHAH: It was stated: “Rebbi Jehudah said, there was no horn for nests in Jerusalem because of mix-up.” Maybe one of them would die and it turn out that moneys of dying purification sacrifices were mixed up in them. [But did we not state] (It was stated): A woman who said, I have to bring a nest, brings the money for the nest and puts it in the horn, and eats from sancta without worry. And the Cohen does not worry that maybe moneys of dying purification sacrifices are mixed up in them. [For what we are saying is about purification sacrifices whose owner certainly died. We could say, let us choose two zuz and throw them into the River, then the remainder should be permitted, but do we not say in general that Rebbi Jehudah does not accept retroactive choices?]
הלכה: תַּנֵּי. אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְלֹא הָיָה שׁוֹפָר שֶׁלְקִינִּים בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם מִפְּנֵי הַתַּעֲרוֹבֶת. שֶׁמָּא תָמוּת אַחַת מֵהֶן וְנִמְצְאוּ דְמֵי חַטָּאוֹת מֵיתוֹת מְעוּרָבוֹת בָּהֶן. [וְהָ]תַנֵּי. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה. הֲרֵי עָלַי קַן. מֵבִיאָה דְמֵי קַן וְנוֹתְנָתוֹ בַשּׁוֹפָר וְאוֹכֶלֶת בַקֳּדָשִׁים וְאֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת שֶׁמָּא נִתְעַצֵּל כֹּהֵן. וְאֵין הַכֹּהֵן חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא דְמֵי חַטָּאוֹת מֵיתוֹת מְעוּרָבוֹת בָּהֶן. [כִּי קָאָמְרִינָן. בְּחַטָּאת שֶׁמֵּתוּ בַעֲלֵיהֶן וַדַּאִי. וְאִי אָמְרִינָן. נִבְרוֹר ד׳ זוּזֵי וְנַשְׁדֵּי בִּנְהָרָא וְאִידָּךְ לִישְׁתְּרוּ. הָא אָמְרִינָן בָעָלְמָא. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה לֵית לֵיהּ בְּרֵירָה.]
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Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, Rebbi Abba bar Mamal asked: If he said, I am obligated [to offer] a log, does he bring one log? Rebbi Eleazar said, a Mishnah says that each one is a separate sacrifice, as we have stated, “two, holding in their hands two wooden logs.” This adds single logs.
רִבִּי יוֹסֵה בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן אָמַר. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל בָּעֵי. אָמַר הֲרֵי עָלַי עֵץ. מְבִיא גֵּיזָר אֶחָד. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. שֶׁזֶּה קָרְבָּן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה קָרְבָּן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. כָּהִיא דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. שְׁנַיִם בְּיָדָם שְׁנֵי גְיזִירֵי עֵצִים. לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הָעֵצִים.
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Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, their width was (like an engraver’s cubit) [in an expansive cubit], and its width (a dwarf) [an excessive] cubit. Rebbi Onias in the name of Rebbi Immi: Like scales. Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac said, because the place of the fire was only one cubit square, therefore they only could be a (dwarf) [excessive] cubit. It was stated thus: One cubit the basis, one cubit the walkway, one cubit the enclosure, and one cubit the horns, and one cubit the fire place.
רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר. עוֹבְיָין (כַּמָּה חוֹקוֹת) [בָּאַמָּה שׁוֹחֲקוֹת]. וְאָרְכָּן (אַמָּה גַמּוּדָה) [כְּאַמָּה גְּרוֹמָה]. רִבִּי חוֹנִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אִמִּי. כְּמִין טוֹרְטָנִי. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה מְקוֹם הַמַּעֲרָכָה אֶלָּא אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה לְפִיכָךְ לֹא הָיָה בוֹ אֶלָּא אַמָּה (גַמּוּדָה) [גְּרוֹמָה]. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. אַמָּה הַיְּסוֹד אַמָּה סוֹבֵב אַמָּה כַּרְכּוֹב וְאַמָּה קְרָנוֹת וְאַמָּה מַעֲרָכָה.
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“Incense”, he may not give less than for a fistful. It is said here “remembrance” and it is said there, “remembrance”. Since “remembrance” there means a full fistful, so “remembrance” here must mean a full fistful. Since “remembrance” there means two fistfuls, does “remembrance” here mean two fistfuls? Rebbi La said, they inferred fistfuls only from the shew bread. Since there a deficient fistful is disqualified, also here a deficient fistful is disqualified. Rebbi Yose said, the word of Rebbi Ila implies that one who volunteers a flour offering brings it according to the High Priest’s fistful. Rebbi Ḥizqiah in the name of Rebbi Jeremiah: even according to the owner’s fistful.
לְבוֹנָה לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִקּוֹמֶץ. נֶאֱמַר כָּאן אַזְכָּרָה וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן אַזְכָּרָה. מַה אַזְכָּרָה הָאֲמוּרָה לְהַלָּן מְלֹא קוֹמֶץ אַף כָּאן מְלֹא קוֹמֶץ. אִי מַה אַזְכָּרָה הָאֲמוּרָה לְהַלָּן שְׁנֵי קְמָצֵים אַף כָּאן שְׁנֵי קְמָצֵים. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. כְּלוּם לָמְדוּ לְקוֹמֶץ אֶלָּא מִלֶּחֶם הַפָּנִים. מַה לְהַלָּן קוֹמֶץ הֶחָסֵר פָּסוּל אַף כָּאן קוֹמֶץ הֶחָסֵר פָּסוּל. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. מִילְּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי אִילָא אָמְרָה. הַמִּתְנַדֵּב מִנְחָה מֵבִיאָהּ בְקוּמְצוֹ שֶׁלְכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. וַאֲפִילוּ בְּקוֹמֶץ הַבְּעָלִים.
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“Gold”, he may not give less than for a gold denar. Rebbi Eleazar said, only if he mentioned minting. But if he did not mention a coin he even may bring a hook.
זָהָב לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִדִּינַר זָהָב. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. וְהוּא שֶׁהִזְכִּיר צוּרָה. אֲבָל אִם לֹא הִזְכִּיר צוּרָה מֵבִיא אֲפִילוּ צִינּוֹרָה.
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“Six for voluntary gifts.” Ḥizqiah said, corresponding to the six clans. Bar Pedaiah said, corresponding to seven animals: bull, and calf, and he-goat, ram, and lamb, and kid goat. Samuel said, corresponding to six sacrifices: the nests of the sufferer from gonorrhea, the nests of the sufferer from flux, the nests of the new mother, purification sacrifices, and reparation sacrifices, flour offerings, and the Tenth of an Ephah. Rebbi Joḥanan said, because the gifts were many, they added many horns for it. [As it is said], when they were finished they brought before the king and Jehoyada etc. Rebbi Samuel ben Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan [said], two voluntary gifts. Rebbi Ismael stated, one gift. But is it not written, the king commanded and they made a chest and put it at the outside of the gate of the Eternal’s House. Rav Ḥuna said, because of those impure. Rebbi Ḥuna in the name of Rav Joseph: Because of but silver cups would not be made in the Eternal’s House. Things similar to silver cups would not be made in the Eternal’s House.
שִׁשָּׁה לִנְדָבָה. חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד שִׁשָּׁה בָתֵּי אָבוֹת. בַּר פְּדָיָה אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד שֵׁשׁ בְּהֵמוֹת. פָּר וְעֶגֶל וְשָׂעִיר אֵיִל וּגְדִי וּטְלֵה. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד שֵׁשׁ קָרְבָּנוֹת. קִינֵּי זָבִים קִינֵּי זָבוֹת קִינֵּי יּוֹלְדוֹת חַטָּאוֹת וָאֲשָּׁמוֹת הַמְּנָחוֹת וָעֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרוּבָּה רִיבוּ לָהּ שׁוֹפָרוֹת הַרְבֶּה. [שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר] וּכְכַלּוֹתָם הֵבִיאוּ לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וִיהוֹיָדָע וגו׳. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן [אָמַר]. שְׁתֵּי נְדָבוֹת [עָשָׂה]. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. נְדָבָה אַחַת. וְהָא כְתִיב וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ אֲרוֹן אֶחָד וַיִּתְּנֻהוּ בְּשַׁעַר בֵּית יְי חוּצָה. אָמַר רַב חונָה. מִפְּנֵי הָטְּמֵאִים. רִבִּי חוּנָה בְשֵׁם רַב יוֹסֵף. עַל שֵׁם אַךְ לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה בֵּית יְי סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף. מִין סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה בֵית יי.
English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 (CC-BY) · Hebrew/Aramaic: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1999-2015 (CC-BY) · Open on Sefaria
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